The Council of Europe is launching a program to combat counterfeit medicines with a seminar in Strasbourg from 21 to 23 September 2005. It will bring together all Council of Europe member states, European associations of trade and industry, healthcare professionals and patients’ organizations, institutions of the European Union and international organizations to draw up measures against counterfeiting that will work. Counterfeit medicines are deliberately and fraudulently mislabelled, and they are on the increase in Europe, with estimates ranging from 6% to 20% of market shares in certain regions. They present substantial health risks to Europe’s citizens, including potential fatalities.